Minggu, 21 Februari 2021

Materi CSS - Pertemuan 7 - CSS Border

CSS Border

The CSS border properties allow you to specify the style, width, and color of an element's border.

CSS Border Style

The border-style property specifies what kind of border to display.

The following values are allowed:

  • dotted - Defines a dotted border
  • dashed - Defines a dashed border
  • solid - Defines a solid border
  • double - Defines a double border
  • groove - Defines a 3D grooved border. The effect depends on the border-color value
  • ridge - Defines a 3D ridged border. The effect depends on the border-color value
  • inset - Defines a 3D inset border. The effect depends on the border-color value
  • outset - Defines a 3D outset border. The effect depends on the border-color value
  • none - Defines no border
  • hidden - Defines a hidden border

The border-style property can have from one to four values (for the top border, right border, bottom border, and the left border). 

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.dotted {border-style: dotted;}
p.dashed {border-style: dashed;}
p.solid {border-style: solid;}
p.double {border-style: double;}
p.groove {border-style: groove;}
p.ridge {border-style: ridge;}
p.inset {border-style: inset;}
p.outset {border-style: outset;}
p.none {border-style: none;}
p.hidden {border-style: hidden;}
p.mix {border-style: dotted dashed solid double;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The border-style Property</h2>
<p>This property specifies what kind of border to display:</p>

<p class="dotted">A dotted border.</p>
<p class="dashed">A dashed border.</p>
<p class="solid">A solid border.</p>
<p class="double">A double border.</p>
<p class="groove">A groove border.</p>
<p class="ridge">A ridge border.</p>
<p class="inset">An inset border.</p>
<p class="outset">An outset border.</p>
<p class="none">No border.</p>
<p class="hidden">A hidden border.</p>
<p class="mix">A mixed border.</p>

</body>
</html>


CSS Border Width

The border-width property specifies the width of the four borders.

The width can be set as a specific size (in px, pt, cm, em, etc) or by using one of the three pre-defined values: thin, medium, or thick:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.one {
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: 5px;
}

p.two {
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: medium;
}

p.three {
  border-style: dotted;
  border-width: 2px;
}

p.four {
  border-style: dotted;
  border-width: thick;
}

p.five {
  border-style: double;
  border-width: 15px;
}

p.six {
  border-style: double;
  border-width: thick;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The border-width Property</h2>
<p>This property specifies the width of the four borders:</p>

<p class="one">Some text.</p>
<p class="two">Some text.</p>
<p class="three">Some text.</p>
<p class="four">Some text.</p>
<p class="five">Some text.</p>
<p class="six">Some text.</p>

<p><b>Note:</b> The "border-width" property does not work if it is used alone. 
Always specify the "border-style" property to set the borders first.</p>

</body>
</html>


CSS Border Color

The border-color property is used to set the color of the four borders.

The color can be set by:

  • name - specify a color name, like "red"
  • HEX - specify a HEX value, like "#ff0000"
  • RGB - specify a RGB value, like "rgb(255,0,0)"
  • HSL - specify a HSL value, like "hsl(0, 100%, 50%)"
  • transparent

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.one {
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: red;
}

p.two {
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: green;
} 

p.three {
  border-style: dotted;
  border-color: blue;
} 
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The border-color Property</h2>
<p>This property specifies the color of the four borders:</p>

<p class="one">A solid red border</p>
<p class="two">A solid green border</p>
<p class="three">A dotted blue border</p>

<p><b>Note:</b> The "border-color" property does not work if it is used alone. Use the "border-style" property to set the borders first.</p>

</body>
</html>


CSS Border - Individual Sides

From the examples on the previous pages, you have seen that it is possible to specify a different border for each side.

In CSS, there are also properties for specifying each of the borders (top, right, bottom, and left):

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p {
  border-top-style: dotted;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-bottom-style: dotted;
  border-left-style: solid;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Individual Border Sides</h2>
<p>2 different border styles.</p>

</body>
</html>


So, here is how it works:

If the border-style property has four values:

  • border-style: dotted solid double dashed;
    • top border is dotted
    • right border is solid
    • bottom border is double
    • left border is dashed

If the border-style property has three values:

  • border-style: dotted solid double;
    • top border is dotted
    • right and left borders are solid
    • bottom border is double

If the border-style property has two values:

  • border-style: dotted solid;
    • top and bottom borders are dotted
    • right and left borders are solid

If the border-style property has one value:

  • border-style: dotted;
    • all four borders are dotted

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  text-align: center;
}
/* Four values */
p.four {
  border-style: dotted solid double dashed;
}

/* Three values */
p.three {
  border-style: dotted solid double;
}

/* Two values */
p.two {
  border-style: dotted solid;
}

/* One value */
p.one {
  border-style: dotted;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Individual Border Sides</h2>
<p class="four">4 different border styles.</p>
<p class="three">3 different border styles.</p>
<p class="two">2 different border styles.</p>
<p class="one">1 border style.</p>

</body>
</html>


CSS Border - Shorthand Property

The border property is a shorthand property for the following individual border properties:

  • border-width
  • border-style (required)
  • border-color

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p {
  border: 5px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The border Property</h2>

<p>This property is a shorthand property for border-width, border-style, and border-color.</p>

</body>
</html>


You can also specify all the individual border properties for just one side:

Left Border

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p {
  border-left: 6px solid red;
  background-color: lightgrey;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The border-left Property</h2>
<p>This property is a shorthand property for border-left-width, border-left-style, and border-left-color.</p>

</body>
</html>

CSS Rounded Borders

The border-radius property is used to add rounded borders to an element:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

p.normal {

  border: 2px solid red;

}


p.round1 {

  border: 2px solid red;

  border-radius: 5px;

}


p.round2 {

  border: 2px solid red;

  border-radius: 8px;

}


p.round3 {

  border: 2px solid red;

  border-radius: 12px;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>


<h2>The border-radius Property</h2>

<p>This property is used to add rounded borders to an element:</p>


<p class="normal">Normal border</p>

<p class="round1">Round border</p>

<p class="round2">Rounder border</p>

<p class="round3">Roundest border</p>


</body>

</html>




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