Senin, 01 Maret 2021

Materi CSS - Pertemuan 8 - CSS Margin

CSS Margin

The CSS margin properties are used to create space around elements, outside of any defined borders.

With CSS, you have full control over the margins. There are properties for setting the margin for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left).

Individual Sides

CSS has properties for specifying the margin for each side of an element:

  • margin-top
  • margin-right
  • margin-bottom
  • margin-left

All the margin properties can have the following values:

  • auto - the browser calculates the margin
  • length - specifies a margin in px, pt, cm, etc.
  • % - specifies a margin in % of the width of the containing element
  • inherit - specifies that the margin should be inherited from the parent element

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin-top: 100px;
  margin-bottom: 100px;
  margin-right: 150px;
  margin-left: 80px;
  background-color: lightblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Using individual margin properties</h2>

<div>This div element has a top margin of 100px, a right margin of 150px, a bottom margin of 100px, and a left margin of 80px.</div>

</body>
</html>


Shorthand Property

To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the margin properties in one property.

The margin property is a shorthand property for the following individual margin properties:

  • margin-top
  • margin-right
  • margin-bottom
  • margin-left

  • If the margin property has four values:
    • margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
      • top margin is 25px
      • right margin is 50px
      • bottom margin is 75px
      • left margin is 100px

    Example


    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    div {
      border: 1px solid black;
      margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
      background-color: lightblue;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>

    <h2>The margin shorthand property - 4 values</h2>

    <div>This div element has a top margin of 25px, a right margin of 50px, a bottom margin of 75px, and a left margin of 100px.</div>

    <hr>

    </body>
    </html>

If the margin property has three values:

  • margin: 25px 50px 75px;
    • top margin is 25px
    • right and left margins are 50px
    • bottom margin is 75px

Example


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin: 25px 50px 75px;
  background-color: lightblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The margin shorthand property - 3 values</h2>

<div>This div element has a top margin of 25px, a right and left margin of 50px, and a bottom margin of 75px.</div>

<hr>

</body>
</html>



If the margin property has two values:

  • margin: 25px 50px;
    • top and bottom margins are 25px
    • right and left margins are 50px

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin: 25px 50px;
  background-color: lightblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>The margin shorthand property - 2 values</h2>

<div>This div element has a top and bottom margin of 25px, and a right and left margin of 50px.</div>

<hr>

</body>
</html>


The auto Value

You can set the margin property to auto to horizontally center the element within its container.

The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the left and right margins.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
  width:300px;
  margin: auto;
  border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Use of margin:auto</h2>
<p>You can set the margin property to auto to horizontally center the element within its container. The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the left and right margins:</p>

<div>
This div will be horizontally centered because it has margin: auto;
</div>

</body>
</html>



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